SiP Module and Other Topics

•FCC –Side-effect (Interference) checking –Government Regulation –Must do •WiFi –Main-effect (Interoperability) checking –Alliance Certifica...

•System point of view –SoC: System on single chip –SiP: System in single package –SoB: System on a single board •Material point of view –IC:...

•Prepared for –(11g -->)11n? –11g+BT2/EDR (-->11n+BT3/HS)? –16e (-->16m)? –HSPA (-->LTE)?

•High-definition TV •Digital TV •Mobile DTV •High-definition DTV •Mobile HDTV (or High-definition MDTV)

•data compression (or source coding)/ signal processing /channel coding •video compression (or source video coding)/ image processing/ chann...

•工法(Methodology) –塗(Painting/ Filling) –鍍(Plating/ Coating) –染(Dying/ Finishing) •技術(Technology) –印刷(Printing) –沉積(Deposition) –離子佈植(Ion-Imp...

•Rigid •Flexible •Rigid Flexible Complex

•Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, 聚四氟乙烯 –Dk~2.02 –Df~0.00022 –Ex. Dupont/TEFLON •Polyphenylene oxide, PPO, 聚苯醚 –Dk~3.2 –Df~0.002 –Ex. GE/GETEK...

•玻璃器(glass-ware, Egypt?) 氧化矽(silica)電路基板 •陶瓷器(ceramic-ware, China?) 氧化鋁(alumina)電路基板 •漆器(lacquer-ware, Japan?) 塑膠(resin)電路基板

•microwave –industrial; military; aerospace –out-door; long range –antenna: directional; bean-forming; smart –propagation: one line-of-sight...

•群體個體關係 - 與共關係 –(大樓環境vs.大樓)(大樓vs.房間)(房間vs.座位) •客體主體關係 - 消長關係 –(環境中其他大樓vs.本大樓)(其他房間vs.本房間)(其他座位vs.本座位)

•Open/Short Test •Leakage Test •DC Test: –C-V characteristics (Resistance) •RF Test: –reflection coefficient (S11) –transmission coefficient...

•Radiated powers Including peak antenna gain and cable loss (tested by using standard horn at peak direction over free space): –Effective Ra...

1) RF management 1-1) Antenna 1-2) Antenna Switch 2) Power management 2-1) Power Convertor 2-2) Power Switch 3) Interface management 3-1) In...

•Who do Performance Verification Test and Environmental Stress Screen? –User vs. Producer –System-maker vs. Component-maker –Critical-compon...

•Signal –Signal Quality –Signal Reliability –Signal Security •Link –Link Quality –Link Reliability –Link Security •Service –Quality of Servi...

•Vibration/Impact-Shock –Acoustic/Mechanical Analysis •Temperature/Heat-Shock –Thermal Analysis •Electromagnetic-Interference/ Electromagnet...

•模糊度/渾沌度(fuzziness) –模糊/渾沌(fuzzy) –模糊理論/渾沌理論(fuzzy theory) –歸屬度函數(membership function) –混淆(ambiguity) –並非不可能(possible) •紊亂度(randomness) –隨機(...

•Assumption, the Minimum Operating Wavelength, –Lambda = 3e8/2e9 = 0.15m (@2GHz) •Rule of Thumb, the Required Diameter of Mesh, –D

•WiFi Side –Handshake by wires (Host interface SDIO or User interface GPIO) to inform bluetooth or to be informed by bluetooth the events or...

•Client Side –Client WiFi PHY/MAC wakes up slept Host CPU via host SDIO or customer GPIO interfaces •Host Side –Host CPU wakes up slept Clie...

•類比廣播電台(Broadcast Base Station)多發射連續波 •數位無線電基地台(Wireless Base Station)多發射脈衝波 •如連續波(Continuous Waves)與脈衝波(Pulsed Waves)之峰值功率相同，則前者之平均功率較高，高平均...

•迷思一：僅比對安全功率密度足以保障全部輻射安全 –安全功率密度值對熱效應以外之傷害不足以提供限制條件 –安全磁通密度值較能對細胞染色體病變之傷害提供限制條件 –相對而言，電場強度及功率密度對人體較具物理效應，磁通密度較具生化效應 •迷思二：可以由所有功率密度測量值正確導出磁通密...

•改善措施 –天線方位調大60°，衰減效果改善10times or 10dB –天線方位調大90°，衰減效果改善100times or 20dB –天線距離調遠3.16times ，衰減效果改善10times or 10dB –天線距離調遠10times ，衰減效果改善100ti...

•假設發射功率輸出為 –Po=43dBm=13dBW=2,000mW=20W •假設發射天線增益為 –G=14dBi=25.1times (@900MHz) –G=17dBi=50.1times (@1,800MHz) •假設天線斜視損失為 –A=0dB=1times (@bor...

•自由空間條件 –發射體周圍、接收體周圍、及發射體至接收體有效路逕以空氣為介質，且均無遮蔽物、反射物、折射物、繞射物、散射物 •輻射遠場與輻射近場條件(反之為感應近場條件) –R>l/2p=(3e8/900e6)/(2x3.14159)=0.0531m (@900MHz) ...

•假設安全功率密度為 –Pd=0.45mW/cm^2=4.5W/m^2 (@900MHz) –Pd=0.9mW/cm^2=9W/m^2 (@1,800MHz) •假設自由空間permittivity為 –e=8.854e-12f/m •假設自由空間permeability為 –m...

•正前方 –大於半功率(3dB)函蓋範圍 –水平面約65° –垂直面約6.5° •扇形責任區前方 –大於十分之一功率(10dB)函蓋範圍 –水平面約120° –垂直面約12° •有效前方 –大於百分之一功率(20dB)函蓋範圍 –水平面約180° –垂直面約18°/主波束(或65...

•工程資料與現場解說 •法規與案例謬誤引據糾正 •醫學文獻與報導謬誤引據糾正 •測試結果謬誤引據糾正 •勘查舉證及建議 •移機成功機率評估 •改善措施效益評估

•偽裝(Conforming)美化(Beatifying)兩用(Dual-use)工程規劃咨詢 •改善工程規劃咨詢 •法規與案例釋疑 •醫學文獻與報導釋疑 •測試結果釋疑 •心理輔導

•The relative radiating power of a near base-station is higher than that of a far base-station •The relative radiating power of mobile-stati...

•TV and TV Remote-controller –versus MDTV •PC plus PC Side-show –versus UMPC •Telephone and Cordless Telephone –versus Mobile-telephone

•Who can provide flip-chip chipset for 802.11n (or High-throughput-WiFi) now? •Who can provide flip-chip chipset for 802.16e (or Mobile-WiMA...

•All are broadband? •All are wireless? •Cover all areas? WPAN plus WLAN plus WMAN?

•QFN-Packaged-Chip-on-Board •LGA-Packaged-Chip-on-Board •BGA-Packaged-Chip-on-Board •Chip-Scale-Package-Chip-on-Board •Wire-Bounded-Chip-on-...

•儀器間接量測法 (Indirect Method to Test) –Site I (Chamber) •Testing sensor •Testing cable •Directional coupler •Attenuator •Testing instrument to ...

•公式計算法 (Calculation Method) –Antenna gain of the emitter under test –Isolator attenuation –Transmission-line loss of the emitter under test ...

•Power-meter –Watt=Average Power –Power threshold •Spectrum Analyzer –Watt/Hz=Power Density over Frequency=Frequency Domain Peak Power –Summ...

•Power-meter –Watt=Average Power –Power threshold •Spectrum Analyzer –Watt/Hz=Power Density over Frequency=Frequency Domain Peak Power –Summ...

•科學觀 –說理的 •禮教觀 –規勸的 •宗教觀 –嚇阻的

•Antenna Box (天線箱) –Antenna (天線) •天線無防水，凶 •天線無防水，吉 –Distance (距離) •天線近處有阻擋，凶 (化解：加裝金屬反射板或雙層金屬反射網) •天線近處無阻擋，吉 •天線遠近處均有阻擋，大凶 •天線遠近處均無阻擋，大吉 –Az...

•Antenna Box (天線箱) –Distance (距離) •天線近處，凶 (化解：1. 加裝金屬隔離板或雙層金屬隔離網 2.加裝無毒性、防火、抗老吸收材料) •天線遠處，吉 –Azimuth (方位) •天線水平軸向正前方，凶 (化解：1. 加裝金屬隔離板或雙層金屬隔離...

•Architecture (建築式樣) •Flowchart (流程圖) •Component (元件)

•EPA recommended environmental value is: 0.2 mW/cm2 •EPA recommended environmental value is: 833 mG

•風(Wind-Air) •雨(Rain-Water) •雷(Acoustic) •電(Electric) •磁(Magnetic) •震(Mechanical) •火(Thermal) •光(Optical) •蝕(Chemical) •菌(Biological) •塵(Dus...

•現象(電磁及電流) –空間Air-電磁輻射或電磁感應 –電流去路Trace-電磁傳導 –電流回路Return-trace-電磁傳導 –地面電流Ground-電磁傳導 –地下電流Under-ground-電磁傳導 –電流阻絕方式-牆wall壕moat –電流原理-電往低電壓源或電...

•瑞典標準 •紐西蘭國家輻射實驗室標準 •地磁=400~600mGuass •核磁共振=5,000~25,000Guass •發電廠=266mGuass@1m •手機=700~2,000mGuass@1m •微波爐=750~2,000mGuass@1m •檯燈=400~4,000...

•The values may be exceeded provided average whole-body SAR •The Academy of Medical Science of the USSR specifies 0.01mW/cm2 as a level for ...

•EPA - Air No 3219 proclamation, 2001. 1.12. •EPA recommended environmental value is: 0.2 mW/cm2 •EPA recommended environmental value is: 83...

•Power-meter –Watt=Average Power –Power threshold •Spectrum Analyzer –Watt/Hz=Power Density over Frequency=Frequency Domain Peak Power –Watt...

•雷電 Lightning –雷擊危險 Lightning Hazard •高壓電塔 High-voltage Tower –高壓電擊危險 High-voltage Conductive Hazard、磁場感應危險 Magnetic-field Reactive Hazard •...

•Broad Market Potential (市場商機) •Compatibility (相容性) •Distinct Identity (相異性) •Technical Feasibility (技術可行性) •Economic Feasibility (經濟可行性)

•Passive (黑夜找燈火) •Semi-passive (白晝找人煙) •active (礦工藉頭盔燈找礦物) •semi-active (警衛藉手電筒找動靜)

•Smart Phone –Multiple Features (Phone with Cellular, Camera, BT, PDA, GPS, WiFi, MDTV, and Multimedia) –Combo Module –Multi-band Antenna –L...

•類比/敏感的/實數線/連續軌跡/似氣態分子能量的/化學的/頻域 •數位/聰明的/有理數線/離散軌跡/似原子能階的/物理的/時域 •渾沌/智慧的/複數面/無軌跡/似固態能帶的/生物的/碼域

•RFID plus ZigBee (WPAN) •RFID plus WiFi (WLAN) •RFID plus WiMAX (WMAN)

•Access-Point/ Router: VSWR •Bridge/ Gateway: Gain •Desktop-PC/ Laptop-PC/ Ultra-Mobile-PC: Diversity (Position, Angle, Polarization) •Smart...

•Differentiated (差異化) vs. Standardized (標準化) •Integrated (積體化) vs. Discrete (離散化) •Miniaturized (縮裝化) vs. Modulized (模組化)

•Geometrical (幾何的) vs. Topological (拓樸的) •Distributed (分佈的) vs. Lumped (集總的) •Graphic (圖形的) vs. Schematic (線路的) •High-frequency (高頻) vs. Low...

•Both for outdoor applications •Both for mobile applications •Both for handheld applications •Both for vehicular applications •Both for the ...

•Proprietary vs. Standard •Non-interoperable vs. Interoperable •Self-undertaking or Independent development vs. Joint-development •Optional ...

•PCB Module for PC: –High-throughput-WiFi –Mobile-WiMAX –3GPP –UWB •SiP Module for Phone: –WiFi –Bluetooth –GPS –MDTV

•Power Saving –Standard or Proprietary Schemes (Both) –Embedded 32KHz XOSC (Non-phone) •Bluetooth Coexistence –802.15.2 (Phone) –Single Ante...

•Engineering Tests –Using wired multiple VSAs with separated signals to test wired TX of DUT – Using wired multiple VSGs with separated sign...

•Transmit beamforming –Basic requirement for transmit beamforming: channel state information (CSI) –The benefit of transmit beamforming is m...

•Space time block coding with direct map –Transmit antenna number is equal to the number of space-time streams –Utilize identity mapping mat...

•Basic MIMO with direct map –Transmit antenna number is equal to the number of spatial streams –Utilize identity mapping matrix, i.e. each s...

•Aggregation •Bi-directional data flow •Enhanced block acknowledgement •Channel management (including a receiver assisted channel training p...

•MIMO/OFDM with spatial division multiplexing of spatial streams •Wider bandwidth •Optimized interleaver for channelizations of different ba...

•Spatial Multiplexing is the main function of MIMO system. The spatial multiplexing gain that relates to throughput enhancement depends on o...

•Correlation Coefficient r = exp [-0.0021 x S x f x sqrt (0.4 x R)] by CCIR (now ITU-R), where –S: antenna vertical spacing in m –f: frequen...

•If the incoming multipath wave distribution in space is not wide-dispersive, then Correlation Coefficient r could not get benefit from the ...

•In general, the greater the space separation the less the correlation coefficient and so the better the Multiplexing or Diversity, if it wi...

•Diversity Gain = (Ideal Diversity Gain) x SQRT(1 – r), where the Ideal Diversity Gain is proportional to the dimensions n, m or n x m (m fo...

* The span of antenna spacings (or squint-angles) should be adjusted and traded off to get the balance between accuracy and ambiguity of dir...

•Beamforming Gain, i.e. Phase-comparison (or Amplitude-comparison) Array Gain is proportional to the Ideal Beamforming Gain which is related...

•Normalized total field of phased array with beams formed by Butler Matrix, i.e. –Em(r) = {sin(N/2)[(2pd/l)sinr- (2m+1)](p/N)]} / Nsin(1/2)[...

•Define Array factor f(y) = Normalized total field En(y) = E(y)/Emax, where Emax= N, if y=0, e.i. –f(y) = (1/N)sin(Ny/2) / sin(y/2); •Define...

•Total field = E(y), where phase difference y=(2pd/l)cosfsinq, e.i. –E(y) = 1+ exp(jy)+ exp(j2y)+ exp(j3y)+ exp(j4y)+ exp(j5y)+ …+ exp[j(N-1...

•WiFi Side –Add-on filter to block the spurs of cellular bands (GSM/3GPP) to have WiFi RX immune from interference –Add-on filter to reject ...

•From Parallel Bus Move to Serial Bus •Use Serial IO Interface of –PCI express (for High-Throughput WiFi) –USB (for WiFi and WiMAX) –SDIO (f...

•1-wire handshake –input: BT_ACTIVE •2-wire handshakes –input: BT_PRIORITY –output: WL_ACTIVE •3-wire handshakes –input: BT_REQUEST, BT_STAT...

•Mobile-WiMAX 16e Testing –LitePoint: IQmax/ IQsignal –Agilent: MXA/ MXG •WiFi 11n Testing –LitePoint: IQflex/ IQfact –Agilent: WTM with Ada...

•MVT test supports of HVM production with regards to plan, equipment, tool and fixture •Supports to incoming, in-process and outgoing qualit...

•Vertically Linear Dipole Array –High-gain Omni-directional Antenna •Vertically Linear Dipole Array with back-plane –Sectored Antenna •Verti...

•2T2R AP (Personal Router) + 1T1R STA (Handheld) –Uplink: SIMO/ Downlink: MISO •2T2R AP + 1T2R STA (LE PC Card or Handheld) –Uplink: SIMO/ D...

•Radiator •Feed •Short •Reflector •Parasitic Object •Dielectric Material •Radome

•Single-band versus multi-band •Single-feed versus multi-feed •Organic dielectric versus LTCC dielectric •Printed versus Chip-surface-mounte...

•RF: –Cadence Virtuoso (SiP RF Architect, SiP RF Layout) and 3rd party SiP RF SI •Digital: –Cadence Encounter (SiP Digital Architect, SiP Di...

•Specific •Universal •Most of World •Rest of World

•Does the Chipset solution provide version-finalized drivers (which, usually, support popular OS as Linux, Windows-CE or Windows-Mobile, sup...

•Business-Developing –Phase-in/ Evaluation/ Program-Planning •Engineering –Analysis/ Simulation/ Testing –Reference-Design/ Design-in/ Desig...

•Form-Factor or Profile? –Low Profile –Small Form-Factor –Low Profile and Small Form-Factor •Applications? –Personal Digital Assistant –Feat...

•Radiator •Feed •Short •Reflector •Parasitic Object •Dielectric Material •Radome

*Concurrent multiple Radios of 802.11abg: -Performance depends on Isolation among different antennas *MIMO multiple Radios of 802.11n: -Perf...

•Test Facilities –Network-Analyzer/ Waveform-Oscilloscope/ Spectrum-Analyzer/ Signal-Generator/ Signal-Analyzer/ Power-Analyzer •Test Items...

•Specification, Design and Application –RF Pre-selection and RFI Filters –Low-Noise and Power Amplifiers •Characterization, Modeling and Opt...

•Link Budgets (Gain/ Phase-Shift/ Error/ Noise-Figure) •Cross Interference among occupied bands and among operating channels •PCB Stack-up a...

•Test Facilities –Channel-sounding •Specific or typical clear test ranges •Channel-sounder or the equivalent (VNA plus IFFT tool, for exampl...

•Ray-tracing method •Finite-difference time-domain method •Statistical method