•Spatial Multiplexing is the main function of MIMO system. The spatial multiplexing gain that relates to throughput enhancement depends on orthogonality condition of MIMO antennas.
•In LOS or non-scattering MIMO environment or outdoor area, orthogonality condition is St x Sr/R>= l/M, where St and Sr are transmit and receive antenna spacings respectively, R is the range from transmit antennas to receive antennas, M is the number of receive antennas, the transmit antenna number N is not used in this condition.
•In NLOS or scattering MIMO environment or indoor area, orthogonality condition is [2 x Dt/(N-1)] x [2 x Dr/(M-1)]>=R x l/M, where Dt and Dr are transmit and receive scattering radii respectively, R is the range from transmit scattering center to receive scattering center, N and M are the numbers of transmit and receive antennas respectively.
–The scattering is made by scatterers in MIMO environment, which can be modeled by omni-directional ideal reflectors.
–The scatterers are assumed to be located sufficiently far from antennas for holding plane-wave assumption and further assumed such that Dt (or Dr) is much less than R for meeting local scattering condition.
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