Development Strategies

•Proprietary vs. Standard
•Non-interoperable vs. Interoperable
•Self-undertaking or Independent development vs. Joint-development
•Optional vs. Mandatory

SoB Module and SiP Module

•PCB Module for PC:
–High-throughput-WiFi
–Mobile-WiMAX
–3GPP
–UWB
•SiP Module for Phone:
–WiFi
–Bluetooth
–GPS
–MDTV

SiP Module Requirements for Phones and Non-phones

•Power Saving
–Standard or Proprietary Schemes (Both)
–Embedded 32KHz XOSC (Non-phone)
•Bluetooth Coexistence
–802.15.2 (Phone)
–Single Antenna (VoIP Phone)
•Cellular Coexistence
–Embedded GSM/3GPP Filter (Phone)
•Security
–802.11i (Both)
•Quality of Service
–802.11e (Either)
–APSD (VoIP Phone)
•High Throughput
– 802.11n (Video-Stream Phone and Non-phone)

MIMO Test Methodology

•Engineering Tests
–Using wired multiple VSAs with separated signals to test wired TX of DUT
– Using wired multiple VSGs with separated signals to test wired RX of DUT
–Using wired combo VSA/VSG plus channel emulator with matrix signals to test wired uplink/downlink system of DUT
•Manufacturing Tests
–Using wired single proprietary SA with composite signal to test wired TX of DUT
–Using wired single proprietary SG with split signal to test wired RX of DUT
–Using wireless golden device plus real but controllable environment to test wireless uplink/downlink system of DUT

Transmit-Beamforming MIMO

•Transmit beamforming
–Basic requirement for transmit beamforming: channel state information (CSI)
–The benefit of transmit beamforming is most pronounced if the number of transmit antennas is larger than the receive antennas, when multiple spatial streams are being transmitted

STBC MIMO

•Space time block coding with direct map
–Transmit antenna number is equal to the number of space-time streams
–Utilize identity mapping matrix, i.e. each space-time stream maps to one transmit antenna
•Space time block coding with spatial spreading
–The number of space-time streams is less than the number of transmit antennas
–Utilize typical Walsh matrix as well as basic MIMO does
–Utilize cyclic delay as well as basic MIMO does

Basic MIMO

•Basic MIMO with direct map
–Transmit antenna number is equal to the number of spatial streams
–Utilize identity mapping matrix, i.e. each spatial stream maps to one transmit antenna
•Basic MIMO with spatial spreading
–The number of spatial streams is less than the number of transmit antennas
–Utilize unitary spatial spreading matrix, or typical Walsh matrix
–Utilize cyclic delay diversity (CDD) to improve the performance of transmit diversity; when linearly increasing cyclic delays are applied to the antennas, time-domain cyclic delays can further mitigate undesired beamforming effects

Schemes to Achieve High MAC Data-rate (Throughput and Overall System Performance)

•Aggregation
•Bi-directional data flow
•Enhanced block acknowledgement
•Channel management (including a receiver assisted channel training protocol)
•Feedback mechanisms that enable rate adaptation

Schemes to Achieve High PHY Data-rate

•MIMO/OFDM with spatial division multiplexing of spatial streams
•Wider bandwidth
•Optimized interleaver for channelizations of different bandwidth
•Advanced FEC coding techniques, i.e. low density parity check (LDPC)
•Space time block coding (STBC)
•Transmit beamforming